Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (TIPS) is a monthly peer-reviewed reviews journal that publishes reviews and opinions in fields broadly covering pharmacology, pharmacy, pharmaceutics and toxicology. Launched in 1979, TIPS every issue of TIPS contains succinct articles on the most exciting recent developments in pharmacology and therapeutics research. The major areas of research that TIPS is interested in are:_x005F_x000D_ _x005F_x000D_ Drug discovery and development (drug design, target identification and validation, lead generation, preclinical and clinical drug development, drug delivery, pharmaceutical formulation) Basic and clinical hharmacology (drug mechanisms, receptors, enzymes, ion channels, transporters, different classes of ligands, biomarkers, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug metabolism and pharmacogenetics) Therapeutics (gene- based, cell- based, protein-based therapy, other drug modalities, routes of administration, drug classes, drug nomenclature) Drug safety and toxicity (drug- drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, mechanisms of drug toxicity, pharmacovigilance) Pharmacy, pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacoeconomics.